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Adjunct Professor In the Engineering Technology & Physics Departments

• Worked with customers (pharmaceutical companies) on a daily basis to help formulate, design, and engineer softgel manufacturing solutions for their prescription fill formulations.• Wrote developmental studies, protocols and final reports summarizing bench top formulation, development, clinical, registration and commercial batches for pharmaceutical customers.• Analyzed experimental data using Design of Experiments (DOE), multivariate analysis, regression analysis, hypothesis testing and other statistical methods via MINITAB, MATLAB, and SAS JMP.• Communicated with the Engineering, Analytical Services, Quality Control, Validation, and Quality Assurance departments on a daily or weekly basis in order to help implement and move customers' projects from development to commercial production.

• Wrote a yield improvement plan, preventative maintenance (PM) documents, and SOPs for equipment use and upkeep. Conducted Gauge R&R studies as part of equipment qualification.• Implemented new defect reduction programs, software improvements, and studies for tracking defects and improving yield. Performed various types of statistical analysis using MATLAB and SAS JMP.• Redesigned DI water system to improve yield. The redesign included a new heat exchanger, shortening of pipes to remove stagnant areas, additional ion exchange tanks, point-of-use filtration, hardness and chlorine monitoring, and TOC and particle monitoring. Wrote daily, weekly, and bi-annual preventative maintenance (PM) procedures.

• Created heat and mass transfer mathematical models of the softgel encapsulation process using MATLAB to obtain process insight for process and machine improvement.• Used Design of Experiments (DOE), multivariate analysis, and other statistical methods to dissect and analyze multivariate experiments involving the softgel encapsulation process. • Wrote protocols and final reports detailing R&D studies, development batches, statistical process control (SPC), and clinical batches for internal and external use.• Developed highly loaded acetaminophen (APAP) based combo formulations for liquid softgel products. A high % w/w liquid APAP formulation was solubilized, while keeping the other active ingredients stable, and improving the softgel manufacturability of the formula through reformulation and softgel encapsulation process optimization.• Designed heated, closed mixing system for the encapsulation machine. The system included mixing vessels, mixer, heaters, and connections to the softgel encapsulation machine. The heated mixing system was designed specifically for a prescription softgel product.• Conducted scientific investigative work for multiple projects using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM & EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy.

• Implemented wet etch and plating processes for current and future high density multi-chip module (MCM) products. Reformulated the wet-etch chemistry by varying the amount of acids and surfactants. Implemented, monitored and controlled the amount of acid and metal in the etch solutions using pH, ORP and conductivity meters.• Created software (Visual Basic) for use in manufacturing to calculate the optimal wet etch times for different MCM products. The wet etch time calculations were based upon plating/sputtered metal thickness, metal surface roughness, line width, wafer weight, wafer level as well as several other factors. Included SPC charts for the wet etch and electro-plating processes for the fabrication of MCMs based upon this software.• Wrote detailed etch and plating equipment operational and maintenance SOPs for equipment use and upkeep. Performed Gauge R&R studies for equipment qualification.

• Clean Fuel Cell Energy (CFCE) was a profitable renewable energy business that served scientists, engineers, and professors from all over the world. The website featured more than 250 pages, and attracted more than 10,000 visitors per month. Clean Fuel Cell Energy distributed and manufactured a wide range of products including fuel cell stacks, materials, chemicals, catalysts, test equipment, and educational kits. • Clean Fuel Cell Energy’s storefront was located in Clearwater, Florida, where it shipped its products internationally, and served more than 20 universities on a monthly basis.• CFCE manufactured Teflon®-based carbon cloth, fuel cell catalyst coatings, fuel cell stacks, and electrolyzers for R&D purposes to universities and privately-held companies world-wide.• Some clients included Toyota Technical Center, Arizona State University, Universidad de León, University of Florida, Polish Academy of Sciences, Purdue, Cornell, MIT, Programa de Engenharia, Biomédica - COPPE, University of Manchester, Columbia University, Chubu University, Institute Of Technology Tallaght, UC Berkeley, Colorado School of Mines, Chulalongkorn University, Tsinghua University, University Sains Malaysia, California Institute of Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology

Produced several research studies for BCC Research. These studies (250+ pages) included detailed descriptions of the latest technology, a detailed analysis of the U.S. and international markets, 5 year projections, and included a detailed patent analysis. The studies are as follows:• Spiegel, C.S. (2006). Opportunities for Coal-based Products: Clean Coal and Coal Processing Technologies, 1st Ed. Norwalk, CT: BCC Research.• Spiegel, C.S. (2007). World Electronics: High Growth Sectors and New Electronics Markets, 1st Ed. Norwalk, CT: BCC Research.• Spiegel, C.S. (2008). Commercial Amino Acids, 1st Ed. Norwalk, CT: BCC Research.• Spiegel, C.S. (2009). Energy-Efficient Motors, 1st Ed. Norwalk, CT: BCC Research.

• Wrote a 140 page educational book (geared toward grades 6 - 12) on the basics of hydrogen fuel cells, electrolysis, solar cells, and wind power. The book is currently included with many of Horizon’s educational products such as the “Renewable Energy Educational Kit, “Bioenergy Kit, and “Fuel Cell Car Kit”.

Consulting assignment involved writing a grant (SBIR) for the Department of Energy (DOE) based upon novel high-temperature PEM fuel cell technology.

• Created a detailed mathematical model in MATLAB for Lynntech’s GEN5 fuel cell stack. • Model included mass and heat transfer, and pressure drop calculations for every layer of the fuel cell stack. The outcome of the model predicted the possibility of hydrogen/ oxygen combustion. A detailed final report with over 2000 lines of code was delivered to the customer for this project.

Wrote book based upon royalty advance contract.• Covers all of the subjects required to understand fuel cell modeling, including fuel cell thermodynamics, electrochemistry, kinetics, charge, mass and heat transfer and energy balances. • Describes how to model each fuel cell component, such as the proton exchange structure, catalyst layers, gas diffusion and fuel distribution structures. • Additional topics include: fuel cell stacks, the fuel cell plant, one and two dimensional modeling, two-phase flow phenomena and microfluidics. • All examples in the book include MATLAB code.

• Created a mathematical model of mercuric iodide crystal growth (physical vapor deposition) using MATLAB to create a manufacturing process. Some of the equations included in the model were the temperature and vapor pressure distribution, Hertz-Knudsen growth rate, advective velocity, and the particle velocity at the chamber walls.• Formulated recommendations for crystal growth temperature, ampoule orientation and aspect ratio for crystal manufacturing. This research helped the company to meet its annual DTRA goals for the mercuric iodide program.

Obtained advance on royalties contract to write textbook.• Includes explanations of the subjects required to understand fuel cells, including thermodynamics, electrochemistry, kinetics, charge, mass and heat transfer and energy balances. • Instructs the reader on effectively designing fuel cell stacks.• Provides guidance on materials, components, manufacturing processes, operating parameters and stack testing and optimization.

• Created mathematical model of mercuric iodide thin film growth (physical vapor deposition) using MATLAB. Model consisted of equations such as impinging molecular flux, particle speeds and nucleation rates. This model was to produce the consistent manufacturing of crystal-based thin films.• Crystal Growth Temperature Profile Report: Compared crystal growth temperature profiles for 35 crystals, and provided temperature recommendations for future crystal growth.• Performance of <100> verses <110> Devices: Designed and analyzed several studies comparing HgI2 detectors made from <100> verses <110> regions of a crystal.• Light Tight Packaging Report: Recommended types of encapsulants that could be used with mercuric iodide based upon chemistry, physical and mechanical properties, life expectancy and environment of the mercuric iodide detector.• Modeling of Conduction Characteristics: Modeled charge carriers and carrier transport using MATLAB, and compared with HgI2 IV curves and other test characteristics.• Created mercuric iodide final report summarizing all research conducted for 2005 – 2006 DTRA contract. Some of the topics in this report included: statistical analysis of impurity levels for each mercuric iodide lot made from 2005 – 2006, validation of the removal of an additional purification step, DSC measurements for determining HgI2 stoichiometry as well as many other research topics.

• Created and designed methods for improving mercuric iodide manufacturing processes, which included study, analysis and validation of new procedures in the synthesis, purification, crystal growth, fabrication and testing processes of the mercuric iodide detectors. • Initiated changes in the HgI2 production process to increase the yield of HgI2 detectors that could be sold commercially. Wrote standard operating procedures (SOPs) for these manufacturing process changes. Some of the changes included further purification of raw materials, reorientating the crystal during growth, and making the fabrication and testing of detectors more consistent through data collection at every process step. Updated Visual Basic - MS Access application to include the additional data collected in order to easily analyze the process.• Wrote R&D reports and proposals for the government (DTRA) and other commercial customers.• Created and presented mercuric iodide research to government officials managing our contracts.• Designed and built a custom vacuum chamber for new mercuric iodide thin film process. This chamber was optimized to maximize the required mercuric iodide crystal orientation (as determined by XRD) to grow films with the proper conduction characteristics.

• Wrote 50 + documents to improve production processes and maintain daily operations for producing thousands of units per day. These documents included engineering studies for process changes, process validations, MER memos and other technical analysis.

• Designed and built PEM fuel cell stacks and hybrid power management systems. This included the batteries or fuel cell stack and system power maangement design. • Wrote “Power and Power Management Study” for CECOM summarizing all existing battery, solar and fuel cell power technologies.• Wrote several SBIRs & STTRs: The topics ranged from methanol aerosol fuel cell research, PEM fuel cells, new power electronics designs, and fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid systems.• Created a Visual Basic/XML/C++/Soap application to send sensor data from the field to a communication center at Fort Dix. This application was created for the customer (CECOM), and there was extensive traveling to Fort Dix, NJ to perform testing and additional programming of system. Testing was performed using live military tanks, helicoptors, and a communication center at Fort Dix.