Title: Parliamentary Influence in the Legislative Process: A Comparison of Canada, Ireland, and Scotland Abstract: For many decades the prevailing view within political science has been that parliaments are not true lawmaking bodies, often being considered little more than a ‘rubber stamp’ for the overly dominant government. However recent research suggests this may be a flawed conclusion, and by using new research techniques suggests that the hidden, behind-the-scenes parliamentary influence is much greater than previously thought. This study takes a comparative, mixed methodological approach combining interviews with detailed qualitative amendment analysis to provide much deeper insight into the legislative processes in the Irish, Canadian, and Scottish parliaments than exists to date. The study aims to identify how influential each parliament is within the legislative process, the methods that are used to exert this influence, and to understand how different institutional qualities lead to some parliaments being more or less effective in their lawmaking role.