My research work has mainly focused on two figures: that of the user, associated with the evolution of public services, and that of the civil servant, captured through his or her work and associated with public management reforms.On the subject of users and public service, alongside a que-sais? on the history of the notion of the user, my work has accompanied current movements: the emergence of the question of the service relationship in the public sector (with Isaac Joseph), the first moves to open up network-based public services to competition (with Claude Quin), the observation of "customer fatigue" in the face of unequal contracts and low-cost offers in the new economic context (with François Mathieu Poupeau), observation of some contrasting remunicipalization movements (with Olivier Coutard), then finally the new effects of "digital" on the "intelligent city" (with Steve Bernardin), the "platform state", and public enterprises (with Simon Cottin-Marx).On the subject of changes in public administrations through the work of their agents, the first focus was on the activities of managers in departmental equipment directorates and agents coordinating territorial development policies (rural development agents, urban policy project managers) in France and Great Britain (with Barry Goodchild): the "fuzzy professions". My work then focused on the use of management tools through two questionnaire surveys in France (INSEE survey - Centre d'étude de l'emploi changement organisationnel et informatisation, ANR COI-COSA) (with Danièle Guillemot) and in Europe (FP7 COCOPS project) (with Philippe Bezes), which led to a measurement of the new forms of bureaucracy associated with "New public management". The project was also accompanied by a chronicle of the evolution of humanJeannot Gilles ” Smart city projects in the continuity of the urban socio-technical regime: The French case”. Information Polity, 2019, 24(3), 325-343.Bezes Philippe Jeannot Gilles ” Autonomy and managerial reforms in Europe: Let or make public managers manage ?”, Public administration, 2018, 96(1), p. 3-22. Jeannot Gilles “The weary customer: choosing not to choose among unfair ‘choices’”, The Political Quarterly, 2016, 87 (1), pp.54-60.resources practices in government departments.https://latts.fr/membres/gilles-jeannot/