Certis custom-develops clinically relevant, orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (O-PDX) models that more accurately mimic the natural history of a tumor. Compared to the subcutaneous space, orthotopic placement provides the appropriate microenvironment to realistically model tumor invasiveness and study the metastatic cascade. Certis scientists have deep expertise in the most challenging PDX model development, including orthotopic intracranial and metastatic tumor models. Certis O-PDX models, combined with the company's advanced imaging technologies (i.e., x-ray irradiation with image-guided radiation therapy, murine-scale MRI, BLI and fluorescence), spectral flow cytometry, bioassay expertise and full necroscopy capabilities brings greater certainty to go/no-go drug development decisions.Email me at hkartstein@certisoncology.com to request access to the BarneyOI Cancer Model Database™ to search Certis' growing collection of highly characterized, richly annotated, low-passage, patient-consented PDX models and cell lines. Naïve or pretreated, primary or metastatic, orthotopic or heterotopic PDX or cell culture, Certis provides the most clinically relevant cancer models.