Howard Ratner is Executive Director of CHOR Inc. and leads its first service – CHORUS -- Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States -- a not-for-profit public-private partnership to increase public access to peer-reviewed publications that report on federally funded research. Howard was most recently Chief Technology Officer, Executive Vice-President, for Nature Publishing Group where he was in charge of global web and mobile development and operations, content management, production and manufacturing, and information technology across all NPG products. Howard's earlier positions included Director, Electronic Publishing & Production for Springer and a member of the production staff at John Wiley & Sons. Howard founded or led many of the major cross-community efforts in scholarly communications. He co-founded and chaired the not-for-profit ORCID – Open Researcher and Contributor ID system -- and continues to serve on one of its Ambassadors. He was active in the establishment of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the founding and technical development of CrossRef and CLOCKSS. He serves on the Board of Directors for the Society for Scholarly Publishing and was the SSP President from 2014-2015. He is an active member of the STM Future Labs. Howard received the NFAIS Miles Conrad Memorial Lecture Award in 2012. He is a frequent speaker on a variety of production and new technology themes.Specialties: Not-for-profit setup and management, DOI, CrossRef, Content Management, Book and Journal Production, IT, CLOCKSS, MarkLogic, RSS, TeX, PDF,