My dissertation entitled 'A Legal Framework for the Circular Economy in the European Union' (2024, cum laude) focuses on the role of coherence between EU chemicals legislation, product legislation and waste legislation in light of the transition towards a circular economy. The research includes three case studies covering electrical and electronic equipment, plastic packaging and batteries, which examined the implementation of this legislation in practice. The research describes how the EU legal framework can better incentivize higher R-strategies, such as reuse. It also explains how to make better use of the inherent interaction in the legislation governing the life cycle of products. In short, this research identifies legal barriers as well as incentives and opportunities to achieve a circular economy in Europe.The research consists of the following articles:I.M. de Waal, 'Coherence in law: A way to stimulate the transition towards a circular economy? A critical analysis of the European Commission's aspiration to achieve full coherence between chemicals legislation and waste legislation – and product legislation', Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 28 (6) 2021, 760-783;- Awarded the Ius Commune Prize 2023I.M. de Waal, 'The Legal Transition towards a More Circular Electrical and Electronic Equipment Chain—A Case Study of The Netherlands', Sustainability, 15(2) 2023, 1-23;I.M. de Waal, 'The Legal Transition Towards a More Circular Plastic Packaging Chain: A Case Study of the Netherlands', European Energy and Environmental Law Review, 32 (5) 2023, 226-247;I.M. de Waal, 'The Legal Transition Towards a More Circular Batteries Chain: A Case Study of the Netherlands’, 2024 (forthcoming).Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law (UCWOSL)

- Inleiding Staats- en Bestuursrecht (2021)- Beginselen omgevingsrecht: ruimtelijke ordening, water en milieu (2021)

Bestuursrecht

Commercial Litigation and Dispute Resolution

Real Estate & Public Law

The Rechtswinkel Utrecht is an organisation which provides free legal advice by telephone and during drop-in sessions. I worked at the section Tenancy Law.