Field Research experience:2010-ongoing Kenya: Initiation of a conservation project - Elephant Partners - in the Maasai Mara ecosystem.2008 Sri Lanka, Minneriya-Kaudulla National Parks, Sri Lanka: initiating an Asian elephant conservation project and behavior study.1998-ongoing Kenya, Amboseli National Park: Elephant communication, cognition and social behavior, conducting playback experiments and recording elephant vocalizations and behavior; engaged in overall elephant monitoring and research as member of scientific committee.1998 Kenya, Maasai Mara National Park, Tsavo National Park & Laikipia District: recording elephant vocalizations and behavior.1997 Tanzania, West Kilimanjaro: Assessing the numbers and habitat use of elephants utilizing the area.1990-1994 Kenya, overseeing numerous elephant surveys and studies of elephants carried out under my direction by the Kenya Wildlife Service Elephant Program.1984-1990 Kenya, Amboseli National Park: Elephant vocal and olfactory communication: vocal, visual, chemical signalling and assessment between musth males.1989 Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania: Amboseli, Tsavo, Queen Elizabeth and Mikumi National Parks: Assessing the effects of poaching on the age structure and social and reproductive patterns of elephant populations in East Africa.1980-1982 Kenya, Amboseli National Park: Focal animal sampling Musth and male-male competition among elephants,1975-1979 Kenya, Amboseli National Park: participating in Cynthia Moss’ long-term studies of elephants, identifying individual elephants, and collecting social behavior, demographic and ranging data.Specialties: Research Interests: Acoustic communication, Cognitive science, Decision-making, Conservation.