Interested in the research on biology and integrated management of oil palm pests and diseases. Recently, I am concentrate in the research on the etiology of spear rot disease of oil palm. My field-based research mostly focuses on the management of Ganoderma and lethal spear rot disease as well as development of biological control for controlling the oil palm insect pests, particularly Oryctes rhinoceros. My research aims to provide practical integrated management strategies to overcome insect pests and diseases in oil palm plantation.