Professor emeritus of the Law of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), University of Amsterdam, consultant on EMU law, EU banking regulation and sustainable finance.I have worked for the central bank and the competition authority of the Netherlands. I worked for De Nederlandsche Bank N.V. (the Dutch central bank) in Amsterdam for 24 years where I was general counsel (1989-2001). In this position, I was responsible for legal advice, with a focus on EU banking directives, the IMF and the preparations for monetary union (the introduction of the single currency). I have also been a member of the Legal Committee of the European System of Central Banks.From late 2001 until early 2014, I worked at the Netherlands Competition Authority (Nederlandse Mededingingautoriteit, or NMa) in The Hague, first as director of the authority’s legal department (2001-2004), then as Chief Legal Counsel (2004-2013), giving legal advice to the NMa’s Board and its departments and, finally, as strategic legal counsel at the Authority Consumers & Markets (ACM), the successor to NMa (2013-2014).From 2013 until 2022, I have been an assessor at the Belgian Competition Authority (BCA). Decisions of the Belgian competition authority are taken by the Competition College, which consists of the BCA Chairman and two assessors.From 2014 until 2024, I have been an alternate member, then a member of the Administrative Board of Review of the ECB, the body entrusted with review of supervisory decisions of the European Central Bank.Member of the Committee on International Monetary Law of the International Law Association (MOCOMILA). Expert at P.R.I.M.E. Finance, a panel for dispute resolution and expert advice in the financial sector.Specialties: law of the Economic and Monetary Union (euro and ECB, economic governance of the Euro Area), EU regulation of the banking industry, central banking issues, competition law, including (harmonisation of) fining guidelines and private enforcement of competition law, and the law of 'targeted sanctions' (financial freezes), sustainable finance. Interested in Islamic finance, climate change and biodiversity loss, interreligious dialogue and animal rights.