Raymond has either managed or the provided the technical lead for a wide range of projects covering analysis of employment costs, benchmarking, labour market trends and the gender pay gap.In the benchmarking field he has developed a total reward methodology which covers all forms of cash payments, a range of taxable benefits including pensions, differences in hours worked, annual leave and the incidence of shift and overtime working. The model has been used in major projects undertaken on behalf of UK regulators as well for internal benchmarking purposes by a range of public and private sector clients.He has led the use of job evaluation and the application of work levels across different data sources in the development of an online pay benchmarking tool for reward specialists and HR professionals. He has also developed local labour market models for assessing the need for a local labour market premium as part of a project for a major central Government client and for a consortium of public bodies in North East Scotland. He carried out a cost-of-living comparison of nurses and midwives pay across different jurisdictions, which required developing a bespoke purchasing power and tax adjustment factor.He has played a leading role in the UK for the International Wage Indicator project, which has developed a web-based labour market questionnaire capturing comparable data from individuals in 46 countries across all continents of the world. He has been instructed as an Expert Witness on legal cases covering the indexation of care costs and reviews of market rates of pay for equal pay cases taking into account different working time arrangements.He has also written on labour market issues, providing critical analyses of received versions of lifetime earnings profiles for women working in the public and private sectors. He has been the joint author studying the gender pay gap across different jurisdictions, and more recently the reasons for low earnings growth.