Russian Federation - Russia

The state is located in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. The area is 17,125,2 thousand km2 (as of January 1, 2022; excluding the area of the territories that became part of the Russian Federation on September 30, 2022 – Donetsk People's Republic, Luhansk People's Republic, Zaporizhia and Kherson regions). There are 89 equal subjects in the Russian Federation, including 24 republics, 9 territories, 48 regions, 3 cities of federal significance, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous districts. Russia is also divided into 8 federal districts. The capital is Moscow. The official language is Russian. The monetary unit is the Russian ruble. The population is 145.6 million people (as of January 1, 2022; 9th place in the world); according to the All-Russian Census of 2020, 147.6 million people in cash and 147.2 million people in permanent population. The population density is 8.5 people/km2 (2022). About 190 ethnic communities live in Russia, including (All-Russian Population Census 2020, % of those who indicated nationality): Russians (80.8), Tatars (3.6), Chechens (1.3), Bashkirs (1.2), Chuvash and Avars (0.8 each), Armenians and Ukrainians (0.7 each), Dargins and Kazakhs (0.5 each). Russia is one of the founding members of the United Nations (1945). The foundations of the constitutional system of Russia include the principles of organization and activity of public authorities. The Constitution of the Russian Federation considers the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial powers to be the foundations of the constitutional system. Each of the branches of government is independent and operates within the framework of the competence established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the law, without interfering with the powers of the other and not obeying it. The Russian Federation is a presidential republic with a multiparty system.